| Study participants who had low-back pain reported improvements in function and reductions in pain whether they received 10 weeks of physical therapy or 10 weeks of cognitive therapy, according to researchers. Interestingly, those people who received a combination of cognitive and physical therapy did not do better than those on either treatment alone.
THE STUDY
The study looked at 212 people who had chronic low-back pain. |
Marshall Editions
See book keywords and concepts |  Hypnotherapy may be tried to treat phobias, although evidence of success is stronger with cognitive therapy.
Medication: Benzodiazepines (drugs in the Valium family) are often used to treat severe phobias that are unresponsive to cognitive behavioral therapy. These are addictive and should be used carefully while being monitored by a doctor. There are many side effects, most of which are related to depression.
Lifestyle modification: Meditation and other anxiety-relieving stress-reduction techniques are worth including in an overall treatment plan. |
Herbert Ross, DC with Keri Brenner, L.Ac.
See book keywords and concepts |  The locus of control can be consciously shifted by deliberately reprogramming the mind with positive instead of negative thoughts, using techniques such as meditation and cognitive therapy. Relaxation therapies, such as biofeedback, hypnotherapy, guided imagery, cranial electrical stimulation, flower remedies, and aromatherapy, among others, can help reduce your stress levels and relieve your sleep problems.
Meditation
Meditation is a safe and simple way to balance physical, emotional, and mental states. |
Gary Null and Amy McDonald
See book keywords and concepts |  That is difficult, so we also use cognitive therapy to explain the reasons we think the things we do, and try to modify the thought.
"Compulsions are the area where behavioral therapy is most effective. We expose the patient, either in reality or in his or her imagination, to face what he is afraid of. If you have fears of AIDS or of blood, you are exposed to blood or taken to the hospital where there might be patients with AIDS. Or you will read articles on the condition. |
J. Douglas Bremner
See book keywords and concepts |  Changing sleep habits is the second step in cognitive therapy: for example, using the bed and bedroom only for sleep (no working or TV watching in bed), setting and maintaining a regular sleep schedule, eliminating daytime naps, and minimizing or avoiding altogether caffeine, alcohol, stimulants, and heavy or extremely spicy meals four to six hours before going to bed. Relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation often help. This technique involves alternately contracting individual muscles and relaxing with exhalation, progressing through the body one muscle group at a time. | | CBT included sleep hygiene, sleep restriction, stimulus control, cognitive therapy, and relaxation. CBT was better than zopiclone for sleep efficiency, with an increase from 81% to 90%, compared to zopiclone, which remained at 82% before and after treatment. CBT resulted in an increase in slow-wave sleep and a decrease in time spent awake at night. Six months after the end of treatment, CBT resulted in better sleep efficiency as measured using polysomnography than either placebo or zopiclone. |
Rick Levy and Lou Aronica
See book keywords and concepts |  There are many cognitive therapy methods, several of which are quite helpful. The method I teach here differs from the majority of approaches in one important way: it allows you to drill down into the subconscious mind to reprogram the distorted thought process there. The healing effects of this approach are rapid and extraordinary.
Many years ago, a successful middle-aged businessman came to see me for help. This man constantly suffered from colds, the flu, and viral infections of every sort. No sooner would he recover from one when another would assail him. |
Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea
See book keywords and concepts |  On the "Children's Depression Rating," patients with Prozac and cognitive therapy improved by an average of 23 points; those on placebos improved by 19 points. One more point: TADS reported suicidal thoughts in 7% who took Prozac compared with 4% in the placebo group.
The authors concluded (perhaps a bit defensively) that: "despite calls to restrict access to medications, medical management of [major depression] with Prozac, including careful monitoring for adverse events, should be made widely available, not discouraged. |
J. Douglas Bremner
See book keywords and concepts | | Meditation and gentle yoga can also help some people fall asleep more easily as part of a cognitive therapy program or on their own. Insomniacs often spend too much time in bed trying to sleep, and the best thing to do is to get out of bed and read for a while or listen to soft music.
The Bottom Line
When treating insomnia it is important to consider its impact in its proper context. The manufacturers of sleeping pills make much of the fact that one out of four people complains of insomnia, and of these, half have severe functional disturbances. | | A few sessions with a therapist trained in cognitive therapy is the best way to derive the most benefit. The first step is to replace negative thoughts ("I can't sleep without medications") with more positive ones ("If I take the time to relax, I can get to sleep without help from pills"). The theory is that you "retrain" your brain to learn to sleep peacefully and deeply again. |
Joe Graedon, M.S. and Teresa Graedon, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  One study found that "cognitive therapy can be as effective as medications for the initial treatment of moderate to severe major depression but this degree of effectiveness may depend on a high level of therapist experience or expertise."190 Another study found that "cognitive therapy has an enduring effect that extends beyond the end of treatment. It seems to be as effective as keeping patients on medication."191
Exercise
As effective as talking therapy may be for depression, exercise may also be beneficial. |
Rick Levy and Lou Aronica
See book keywords and concepts | | Some mind-body approaches have been documented to be effective and are considered mainstream, such as cognitive therapy, hypnosis, meditation, and expressive therapies. Other mind-body techniques, such as prayer, though widely considered effective, are still being researched for their effectiveness.
Neuroscience—The scientific study concerned with the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. |
Gary Null and Amy McDonald
See book keywords and concepts | | Jose Yaryura-Tobias strongly believes that any nutritional approach must be preceded by a program of cognitive therapy. "Anorexia nervosa, from our perspective, is an obsessive-compulsive disorder that is related to self-image, the way that we perceive ourselves. Basically, anorexia nervosa is the process by which a human being self-starves. Thirty percent of the population who self-starve eventually die.
"From the biochemical viewpoint, in the vast majority of cases when patients come for a consultation, they are already very emaciated. The chemistry we can measure is very altered. | | Yaryura-Tobias says that cognitive therapy is needed to educate patients about their problems and the way they think about themselves. We need "to discuss with them how many false beliefs they have about who they are, why they think this way, why their body looks the way it does, and so forth. So false-belief modification is an important part of treatment."
Psychologist Lynne Freeman treats patients with eating disorders from a different point of view. "There's clearly a relationship between anorexia and anxiety. In fact,
38 percent of anorexics have reported a history of having anxiety. |
Steven V. Joyal
See book keywords and concepts |  DeRubeis RJ et al. cognitive therapy vs medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005 Apr; 62(4):409-l6.
Eren I et al. The effect of depression on quality of life of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Depress Anxiety 2007 Feb 20.
Feldman G. Cognitive and behavioral therapies for depression: Overview, new directions, and practical recommendations for dissemination. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2007 Mar; 30(l):39-50.
Georgiades A et al. Study presented at the American Psychosomatic Society annual meeting, Budapest, Hungary, March 2007. |
Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea
See book keywords and concepts | | Or rather we should say that evidence-based medicine has dismissed both psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy. The former was abandoned some time ago; as for the latter, meta-analysis has demonstrated that it does not "confer reliable benefits for patients with schizophrenia and cannot be recommended for clinical practice.46
Recall David Rosenhan's experiment. Were it repeated today, his pseudo-patients would surely be treated with drugs (as would Job!), either "neuroleptics," or "atypical antipsychotics. |
Steven V. Joyal
See book keywords and concepts | | Prevention of relapse following cognitive therapy vs medications in moderate to severe depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005 Apr; 62(4):4l7-22.
Innes KE et al. Risk indices associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and possible protection with yoga: A systematic review. / Am Board Fam Pract 2005 Nov-Dec; 18(6):491-519.
Knowler WC et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002 Feb 7; 346(6):393-403.
Ludman E et al. Panic episodes among patients with diabetes. |
Gerald E. Markle and Frances B. McCrea
See book keywords and concepts | | In the latter part of the twentieth century, "talking therapy" changed, too, as traditional psychotherapy, particularly psychoanalysis, was replaced by so-called cognitive therapy, which eschews deep-seated solutions for practical ones.27
With the introduction of SSRIs,28 everything changed. As we wrote in the previous chapter, SSRIs are now the third leading category of pharmaceuticals in retail dollars.29 The best known brand, Zoloft, was in
2003 fifth in sales at $2.6 billion, followed immediately by Paxil, which grossed $2.3 billion in sales. |
Rick Levy and Lou Aronica
See book keywords and concepts | | Beck, MD, first introduced cognitive therapy to the field of psychology in the 1960s. Beck believed that understanding the way people perceive and interpret experiences (known as cognition) was the key to freeing them from unhealthy emotional patterns.
Beck focused initially on depressed clients, ultimately expanding his research to cover other forms of mental disharmony. He discovered that "errors" in people's thinking caused and perpetuated their emotional disease. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |  Researchers in the Netherlands, for example, found that cognitive therapy worked well for subjects plagued by paruresis, a fear of urinating in the proximity of others. After receiving cognitive therapy for 18 weeks, the patients reported a significant reduction of symptoms. Moreover, the researchers found that the patients maintained their psychiatric gains after six months (Jaspers 1998).
Group therapy also may be effective in treating phobias. In Lyon, France, 55 patients with social phobias received cognitive and group therapy. |
Charles Barber
See book keywords and concepts |  Goals: Serenity, Peace of Mind, Relief of Suffering ii. Values:
(i) Importance of Acceptance, Compassion, Knowledge, Understanding."
(4) Science vs. Superstition
(5) Self-responsibility hi. Causes of Distress:
(1) Egocentric biases leading to excessive or inappropriate anger, envy, cravings, etc. (the "toxins") and false beliefs ("delusions").
(2) Underlying self-defeating beliefs that reinforce biases.
(3) Attaching negative meanings to events, iv. |
Dr. Arthur Janov
See book keywords and concepts |  In his mass-market bestseller Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy, and in other books, he explains the leitmotif of this approach in a nutshell. To paraphrase: Number 1: You feel the way you think; you will discover that negative feelings like depression, anxiety, and anger do not actually result from the bad things that happen to you but from the way you think about these events. Number 2: Most bad feelings come from illogical thoughts. Number 3: You can change the way you feel by changing the way you think.3
Basically, there is no reality; there is just what you think is reality. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  In fact, cognitive therapy has been shown to be as effective as antidepressant drugs in treating moderate depression.45 However, while there is a high rate of relapse of depression when drugs are used, the relapse rate for cognitive therapy is much lower. People who take drugs for depression tend to have to stay on them for the rest of their lives. That is not the case with cognitive therapy, because the patient is taught new skills for dealing with depression. |
Michael T. Murray
See book keywords and concepts |  Mental health specialists trained in cognitive therapy seek to change the way the depressed person consciously thinks about failure, defeat, loss, and helplessness. |
Alan R. Gaby, M.D., Jonathan V. Wright, M.D., Forrest Batz, Pharm.D. Rick Chester, RPh., N.D., DipLAc. George Constantine, R.Ph., Ph.D. Linnea D. Thompson, Pharm.D., N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Low-impact exercise programs to improve aerobic fitness, stretching techniques to relax tense muscles, and cognitive therapy for coping with stress and emotional disorders are recommended treatments.
Dietary changes that may be helpful
A vegan diet (includes no animal products) that is also low in salt may help women with fibromyalgia. In a controlled clinical trial,5 women with fibromyalgia were put on a special diet consisting only of raw foods—primarily fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, and cereals (such as rolled oats). |
Michael T. Murray
See book keywords and concepts | | Talk to him or her about opting to see a mental health expert who specializes in cognitive therapy (see page 211). If you need additional support, consider using safe and effective natural treatments for depression, such as St. John's wort extract or 5-HTP (for more information on these natural approaches to depression, see www. doctormurray.com).
The Importance of a Positive Mental Attitude
The first step in dealing with diabetes is developing a positive mental attitude. | | If your thought processes are in need of a little rewiring, consider consulting a mental health professional who specializes in cognitive therapy. things always happen to me?" Or do you think, "Okay, what I can learn from this situation so that it never happens again? What can I do to make the situation better?" Clearly, the latter response is healthier. Regardless of the situation, asking better questions is bound to improve your attitude. Here are some questions to start you off: þWhat am I most happy about in my life right now? þWhat am I most excited about in my life right now? |
Joe Graedon, M.S. and Teresa Graedon, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Another study found that "cognitive therapy has an enduring effect that extends beyond the end of treatment. It seems to be as effective as keeping patients on medication."191
Exercise
As effective as talking therapy may be for depression, exercise may also be beneficial. Investigators have known for decades that aerobic exercise can improve mood and outlook. Recent research backs this up. A review confirms that exercise can benefit mental health, helping to alleviate depression as well as improve physical health. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | In particular, psychotherapy in the form of biofeedback or short-term individual counseling (especially cognitive therapy, which is further discussed in the chapter Depression) have documented clinical efficacy37,38 One of the advantages of cognitive therapy in the treatment of PMS over antidepressant drug therapy is that learning techniques such as cognitive-behavioral coping skills can produce excellent results that will be maintained over time.
Depression, Low Serotonin Levels, and PMS
There are some important relationships between PMS and depression. | | That is not the case with cognitive therapy, because the patient is taught new skills for dealing with depression.6
Psychologists and other mental health specialists trained in cognitive therapy seek to change the way the depressed person consciously thinks about failure, defeat, loss, and helplessness. Cognitive therapists employ five basic tactics.
First, they help patients recognize the negative automatic thoughts that flit through their consciousness when they feel their worst. Second, they dispute the negative thoughts by focusing on contrary evidence. |
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