The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |  Aminoguanidine, a medication that prevents glycosylation of proteins and helps prevent mental decline in the elderly, may be useful in preventing thrombotic strokes. The recommended dose is 300 mg once a day with food. This dose should not be exceeded.
An aggressive program for stroke prevention begins by addressing the known risk factors for stroke. The risk factors for ischemic strokes are hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and blood that has a propensity to clot abnormally inside vessels. | | He postulates that progesterone may help prevent mental decline in the elderly, and that recovery after brain trauma is better if progesterone levels are higher.
Dr. Lee has also pointed out that progesterone has been shown to increase brain cell energy production while suppressing hyperexcitotoxicity. "Excitotoxicity" occurs when too much (or too little) of a neurotransmitter (such as glutamate) is released from brain cells. This type of toxicity is now considered a cause of brain aging and degenerative neurological disease. | | Phosphatidylserine has been studied for use with Alzheimer's disease and age-related mental decline (Delwaide et al. 1986; Crook et al. 1992; Engel et al. 1992). In a study by Heiss et al. (1994), a 6-month study of 70 patients with Alzheimer's disease divided into four groups indicated that phosphatidylserine treatment has an effect on different measures of brain function. The improvements, however, were best documented after 8 and 16 weeks and faded toward the end of the treatment period (Heiss et al. 1994).
Inositol
Inositol is required for the formation of cell membranes. | | In addition to making women feel better, progesterone may also help to prevent mental decline that can occur with aging. Progesterone has been shown to increase neuronal energy production and to protect brain cells.
Progesterone and Estrogen Prevent Osteoporosis
There are two types of bone-regulating cells: osteoclasts function to dissolve older bone and leave tiny unfilled spaces behind and osteoblasts then move into these spaces and produce new bone. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
See book keywords and concepts |  Folate deficiency is linked to mental decline and heart disease in the elderly. Eating chard can improve digestion, boost energy levels, and correct calcium deficiency. It is also a diuretic and a laxative, and when mixed with carrot juice, it helps to control urinary tract infections, hemorrhoids, and skin disease.
Key nutrients in chard include calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc, copper, manganese, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin E, folate, and small amounts of lipids and amino acids. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts | | Other medications such as Hydergine (a psychotherapeutic prescription agent used to treat age-related mental decline) are also prescribed to help reduce symptoms.
In addition to conventional medicine, research has shown that a variety of supplements may also be effective for treating the symptoms of vertigo.
1. Ginkgo biloba at moderate doses aids in the brain's ability to compensate for vestibular lesions and actively reduces the symptoms of vertigo by up to 65%. The suggested dose of ginkgo is 120 mg twice daily for 30 days and then reducing the dose to 120 mg once daily. | | He postulates that progesterone may help prevent mental decline in the elderly and that recovery after brain trauma is better if progesterone levels are higher.
Dr. Lee also has pointed out that progesterone has been shown to increase brain cell energy production while suppressing hyperexcitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity occurs when too much (or too little) of neurotransmitters such as glutamate is released from brain cells. This type of toxicity is now considered a cause of brain aging and degenerative neurological disease. |
Philip Yam
See book keywords and concepts |  One of these illnesses generally produces ataxia and mental decline that may evolve to severe dementia before death ensues around five years later. The other results in the loss of the ability to sleep, leading to near madness from permanent insomnia, and death within a few months.
CHAPTER 6
Family Curses
Two rare hereditary diseases add support to the prion hypothesis—and challenge it, too.
She was a daughter in the "H" family, a bloodline that cursed each generation with a prion disease. Her great-grandfather had it, as did both her grandfather and her father. |
Gary Null
See book keywords and concepts | | We need not live in fear of mental decline.
First, however, I'll show you the reasons why our brains succumb to degeneration. You've heard about some of them already in previous chapters: bad diets, toxins, and chemicals in the environment and in our bodies. The evidence is all there, documented in scientific journals, but allopathic medicine and science is still determined to find a drug to "cure" these conditions. I don't believe that is going to happen. I don't believe it's even possible. |
Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  I told him I was pleased that he'd come to see me before his symptoms had become more pronounced, because preventing mental decline is much easier than reversing it.
If his memory problems were indeed relatively mild, I told him, he could probably regain full use of his ability to remember. He could also greatly increase his ability to concentrate. With improvements in memory and concentration, his learning ability would almost certainly improve. In all likelihood, he would experience a rebirth of brain power, as had many of my other patients. |
Gary Null, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Neri, "L-acetylcarnitine Treatment of mental decline in the Elderly,"
Drugs Exp Clin Res, 20(4), 1994. p. 169-176.
This study examined the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on brain adenylate cyclase activity in rats. Results showed that the treatment enhanced receptor-stimulated AC response in the frontal cortex of rats of all ages.
—T. Florio, et al., "Effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine Treatment on Brain Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Young and Aged Rats," European Neuropsychopharmacology, 3(2), June 1993, p. 95-101. | | Neri, "L-acetylcarnitine Treatment of mental decline in the Elderly,"
Drugs Exp Clin Res, 20(4), 1994, p. 169-176.
This study examined the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on brain adenylate cyclase activity in rats. Results showed that the treatment enhanced receptor-stimulated AC response in the frontal cortex of rats of all ages.
—T. Florio, et al., "Effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine Treatment on Brain Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Young and Aged Rats," European Neuropsychopharmacology, 3(2), June 1993, p. 95-101. |
Steven G. Pratt, M.D. and Kathy Matthews
See book keywords and concepts |  Alpha lipoic acid is unusual in that it's both fat and water soluble. It can work in the fatty part of cell membranes and also in the water portions of our cells to reduce oxidative damage.
Lutein, another powerful antioxidant in spinach, works to enhance the body's immune system, thus warding off many types of cancers. Greens seem to be particularly effective in preventing stomach cancer. A Japanese study found that a higher intake of yellow-green vegetables could cut the risk of gastric cancer in half. |
Dr. Julian Whitaker
See book keywords and concepts | | If you have atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, or any other medical condition that may contribute to mental decline, use all the tools at your disposal to bring them under control—diet, exercise, nutritional supplementation, and conventional medical therapies, if necessary.
Now let's move on to Part Two—the most exciting part of this book. Here, I will lay out the 10-step program my patients have used with great success to improve their memory and retain and hone their mental edge. fAM TWO
10 Steps for Sharper Memory and Mental Edge
Will Eating Less Make You Smarter? | | And in fact, a 1998 study of 9,223 men and women over the age of sixty-five demonstrated that smokers have more rapid mental decline, compared to nonsmokers.
Scientists are exploring the use of nicotine—not smoking—as a brain booster. If you're a smoker, quit. It's the single most important lifestyle change you can implement to improve your health.
Alcohol
An occasional alcoholic drink won't hurt most people, and, in fact, numerous studies have demonstrated that judicious use of alcohol and seventy to eighty-four—with those who had normal blood pressure. |
Jean Carper
See book keywords and concepts |  Indeed, this helps confirm that increased blood flow to brain cells is the prime reason ginkgo is so successful in treating mental decline.
Who Should Take It?
Everybody who experiences memory disturbances might consider ginkgo as a way of trying to halt the gradual mental downslide into memory loss and possibly irreversible dementia. Waiting can be disastrous, says Dr. Itil. He points out that the longer you live, the more apt you are to experience a general decline in mental abilities, known medically by the frightening term "dementia. | | When memory seems less sharp, or other signs of impending mental decline set in with age, most people feel helpless and hopeless, caught in humanity's fateful "seventh age"—that relentless march toward "senility" that presumably cannot be halted. The gradual diminution of memory and mental faculties, known medically as dementia, is usually passed off as the cruel and inevitable consequences of getting old. Is it true? Is there nothing to take, no drug, no pill that might retard the pace of mental deterioration as we age? | | Ginkgo is also approved in Germany for "cerebral insufficiency," another name for age-related mental decline. Unfortunately, much of the scientific information generated in Germany remains unavailable to American doctors and consumers; some of it is in German medical journals and has not been translated into
English or included in the large database at the National Library of Medicine, which is the standard resource for American medicine. |
Elizabeth Somer, M.A., R.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Chronic disease, obesity, depression, mental decline, and low energy are only a few of the consequences of eating out of sync with our origins. So what can you do? Basically, you have two choices:
1. Do nothing. Allow natural selection to work its magic. In other words, avoid exercise and keep eating a highly processed diet loaded with saturated fat. You can't drastically change an individual, only a species, so this option will take some time. |
Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | Sometimes it happens at the same time as Alzheimer's, and magnifies mental decline.
Further, it's been proved that just having high blood pressure significantly impairs cognitive function. In one study, cognitive decline in older patients with high blood pressure was so apparent that this dec! ine in brain power could be used to predict the likelihood of strokes.
I am also convinced that some patients suffering from age-associated memory impairment are experiencing a decline in cerebral circulation. |
Dr. Julian Whitaker
See book keywords and concepts | | Compared to the placebo group, the subjects taking piracetam had notably less mental decline over that year. Another study reported results on the combination of piracetam with choline (a B-complex vitamin relative discussed in Steps 2 and 4), which was administered to ten patients with Alzheimer's disease for seven days. Although not all patients benefited from this protocol, three of the ten patients had remarkable enhancements, with a 70-percent improvement on tests of verbal memory after taking piracetam. |
Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | I explained all this to the Beltway attorney, telling him why I believed he was suffering from mental decline. In summary, I told him that the special problem with life in the fast lane—with all its excessive stress and Cortisol overproduction—is that many hard-driving people experience neurological burnout before they are able to achieve their goals in life.
As I talked, the attorney grew increasingly gloomy.
But then I gave him the good news. I told him about "brain plasticity. | | It made me even more interested in my long-standing preoccupation: the relationship between mental decline and chronic stress. But I still didn't understand the physiology of that mysterious connection.
For years I constantly reviewed the medical literature, seeking clues to the mystery. Gradually the clues began to mount. It became obvious to me that one or more of the physical byproducts of stress negatively impacted cognition. The most likely factor was either a hormone, an endocrine secretion, or a brain chemical called a neuropeptide. | | By the mid-1980s, many of the people in his study had hit the "memory barrier" of their fifties and sixties, and showed symptoms of mental decline. In particular, they suffered from steep declines in inductive reasoning and spatial orientation, the mental abilities that are often among the first to erode during aging.
When his test subjects began to decline in cognitive ability, Dr. Schaie offered them a brief mental training program, consisting of five one-hour sessions. The sessions were aimed specifically at improving inductive reasoning and spatial orientation. |
Lawrence Katz and Manning Rubin
See book keywords and concepts |  Conversely, we found that removing neurotrophins made dendrites atrophy (which suggests one reason that brain inacitivity leads to mental decline).
6. The first neurotrophin was discovered almost fifty years ago, when two scientists, Rita Levi-Montalcini and Victor Hamburger, working at Washington University in St. Louis, discovered a substance that not only kept certain types of nerve cells alive but also caused them to sprout many new branches. Levi-Montalcini and another scientist, Stanley Cohen, purified this substance, which they named Nerve Growth Factor, or NGF. | | Even the magnitude of mental decline in normal aging has been overstated: At least 90 percent of the population will age without having to deal with the severe impairments brought about by diseases or strokes.
3. In an influential study published in Science (Vol. 206) and expanded in Brain Research (Vol. 214), Stephen Buell and Paul Coleman found that neurons in the aging human hippocampus (a brain structure critical in learning and memory) actually grew longer dendrites. Interestingly, in the brains of individuals afflicted with Alzheimer's Disease, this growth did not occur. | | Reinforced by messages and images in the mass media, you equate mild forgetfulness with the first stages of accelerating mental decline.
".. .He was just in a Broadway show with, um, what's-her-name. Oh, God, you know who I mean."
And maybe they do. But if they don't, you become frustrated and preoccupied trying to recall this buried name. Usually beginning in your forties or fifties—sometimes even in your thirties—you start to notice these small lapses: not remembering where you put the car keys or what was on the grocery list you left at home.. . | | In fact, in 1998, a team of American and Swedish scientists demonstrated for the first time that new brain cells are generated in adult humans}
Also contrary to popular belief, the mental decline most people experience is not due to the steady death of nerve cells.2 Instead, it usually results from the thinning out of the number and complexity of dendrites, the branches on nerve cells that directly receive and process information from other nerve cells that forms the basis of memory. Dendrites receive information across connections called synapses. |
David Brownstein
See book keywords and concepts |  I do not have the answer, but I have found that using small amounts of natural hormones is effective for slowing down many of the signs of aging, including muscle loss, weakness, mental decline, wrinkling and others.
I have also observed that those with a chronic disease will often have lower levels of hormones than will healthy individuals of the same age. For example, nearly all of my patients with rheumatoid arthritis have significantly depressed hormone levels, particularly DHEA and testosterone levels. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
See book keywords and concepts |  Gotu kola is effective as a restorative tonic for mental decline in old age. It is likely that the herb protects the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the brain, which normalizes the brain's use of oxygen.
Gotu kola also has a reputation for improving memory and concentration. A study conducted in 1992 recorded that memory retention in rats treated with gotu kola was three to sixty times better than that in control animals. Preliminary results in one clinical trial with developmentally disabled children showed that treatment with gotu kola increased scores on tests of intellectual achievement. |
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